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生态环境部于2020年印发了发电行业免费碳配额设定与分配实施方案，为控排企业免费碳配额核算提供了标准。目前全国碳市场已启动运行，此前对中国免费碳配额分配的分析均引用了大量假设，且计算精度有限。为此，编制了全国火电厂级精细度的碳清单，自下而上地辨识全国火电厂级煤耗、产能参数，并根据发电行业免费碳配额标准，计算以2020年为基准的碳清单，以此研究目前碳市场规则下免费碳配额在火电行业中的分配平衡性，对于分析现阶段碳市场运行状况、评价碳市场对电力系统的经济影响具有参考价值。分析结果表明，当前中国免费碳配额发放整体盈余，各等级机组免费碳配额平衡的差异一定程度上体现了当前碳市场政策“鼓励清洁机组多发”的导向，但盈余量的分布呈现机组类型、地区间的不平衡特征。针对免费碳配额的不平衡性，给出了中国碳市场优化调整的方向和建议。

随着中国“双碳”目标的提出，中国能源生产消费革命迫切需要推进综合能源建设。综合能源建设对能源系统规划的全局性、系统性提出了新的要求。同时，可再生能源的飞速发展和各种新型能源单元的出现使得能源系统的规模和复杂性不断提高，传统的能源系统规划方法已经难以满足新形势下综合能源系统规划的诉求。中国能源系统规划领域迫切需要引入系统工程方法来改造传统规划方法，因此借鉴系统工程理论中的基于模型的系统工程（model-based system engineering, MBSE）概念，从MBSE在中国其他行业的实践应用出发，依托系统工程理念提出采用MBSE的综合能源规划路线。相比于传统系统工程方法下的能源系统规划设计，基于模型的系统工程综合能源规划设计方法从概念性设计开始包含了能源系统的全生命周期，由单元设计、能源子系统设计、综合能源系统评价、实际应用验收4个阶段组成。各个单元模型之间相互关联，保证对于不同系统的结构、需求、行为存在差异时快速迭代。采用MBSE手段对综合能源系统进行规划，有助于解决目前综合能源系统规划中能源与产业规划脱节的难题。

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